China’s fifth plenum: everything you need to know from the war on corruption to promotions

The Chinese Communist Party concluded its fifth plenum meeting on October 29, 2026, with a record number of 33 members expelled and a significant number of empty seats. This four-day gathering in Beijing, attended by 279 Central Committee members, marks the lowest turnout since former leader Mao Zedong's death in 1976, due to Xi Jinping’s extensive purges targeting corrupt officials. The plenum emphasized strengthening party discipline and governance ahead of expected personnel changes and Xi’s anticipated fourth five-year term as party leader next year.

During the meeting, President Xi briefed the Central Committee on a draft document focusing on "full and rigorous party self-governance," addressing challenges such as growing governing capacity and combating corruption. The resolution includes over 200 measures to regulate official conduct and curb corruption, reflecting ongoing efforts to consolidate power and maintain loyalty among officials.

The meeting also saw the promotion of Zhang Shengmin to the top decision-making body and the naming of former diplomat Liu Jianchao as one of those purged. Xi’s approach underscores his willingness to remove even those he has promoted if they do not align with his vision or standards of conduct.