The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel has concluded that Israeli authorities and forces have continued to commit war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide in the occupied Palestinian territory even after the ceasefire agreement in Gaza.
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authorities → include → Gaza
In its report, submitted to the United Nations General Assembly on October 14, 2026, the Commission examines killings and serious bodily and mental harm inflicted by Israeli and Palestinian security forces since October 2023.
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Commission → submit → October
The commission sets out its findings regarding the drivers of Israeli and Palestinian state violence, in particular killings and bodily and mental harm, including sexual and gender-based violence.
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commission → set → violence
As part of a broader investigation into the root causes of recurrent tensions, instability, and protraction of the conflict, this report also reviews policies and practices examining drivers of violence.
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report → review → violence
As part of its mandate to look into underlying root causes, the Commission also asked for information relating to incidents from the periods 1948-1949, the 1950s, and the years 2000-2005.
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Commission → look → periods
The analysis was against the backdrop of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 from 1947, which terminated the British Mandate on Palestine and adopted the partition plan, dividing the territory into three parts: two states, one Arab and one Jewish, and Jerusalem under International Control.
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which → terminate → Control
The report noted that the perception of Palestinians and a possible Palestinian state as “a threat to Israel and the desire to reduce Palestinian population” contributed to a permissive military culture where Israeli soldiers, with or without directives from commanders, directly target Palestinians whether or not they pose a real or immediate threat.
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they → note → threat
According to the report, from October 7, 2023 to October 9, 2025, more than 72,600 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza and more than 1,000 in the West Bank.
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Palestinians → accord → Bank
From October 10, 2025 to September 30, 2026, 1,431 Palestinians were killed in Gaza and 137 in the West Bank.
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Palestinians → kill → Bank
Findings similar to earlier findings
The commission has made findings in its previous reports on the actions of Israeli forces in Gaza amounting to genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, in addition to violations of international humanitarian and human rights law.
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commission → make → law
It also found that the killing and harming of children and sexual- and gender-based violence are included among elements that established specific intent of the Israeli authorities to commit genocide against the Palestinian group in Gaza.
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that → find → Gaza
The Commission had previously reported on the Israeli forces’ use of artificial intelligence tools and autonomous weapons systems in Gaza, expressing its concerns about these weapons’ compliance with International law.
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Commission → report → law
There are permissive rules, said the report, which are interpreted and implemented in a discriminatory manner, applying exclusively to Palestinians based on their nationality, race, and ethnicity.
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which → be → nationality
Israeli security personnel are prohibited from using lethal force against Jewish Israelis in the West Bank.
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personnel → prohibit → Bank
Israeli forces have been responsible for approximately 95% of killings and 82% of injuries caused to Palestinians in the West Bank since October 2023.
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forces → cause → October
The Commission investigated multiple cases and cited illustrative cases throughout the report and concluded that Israeli soldiers intentionally killed all the victims though they did not pose any threat.
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they → investigate → threat
They also noted that Israeli authorities have repeatedly provided false justifications for the use of lethal force, intending to deflect responsibility.
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authorities → note → responsibility
They also documented cases indicating a pattern of extra judicial executions of Palestinians by Israeli forces and noted continuous sexual and reproductive violence.
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They → document → violence
The Commission found that the patterns of unguided munitions have continued after the so-called ceasefire in October 2025.
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patterns → find → October
They noted that this contradicts the report by the Board of Peace to the Security Council in May this year, which claimed that the ceasefire has largely held, bringing “enormous relief to the civilian population”.
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ceasefire → note → population
Israeli officials allege that the attacks are in response to ceasefire breaches.
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attacks → allege → breaches
The report noted that on May 28, 2026, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that he had instructed Israeli forces to seize 70% of Gaza, indicating that territorial expansion will continue.
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expansion → note → Gaza
The Commission found violations of International law and analysed Chapeau elements which are the contextual requirements that must be proven to elevate ordinary crimes into crimes against humanity.
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that → find → humanity
These include widespread or systematic attacks directed against the civilian population, state policy, clear nexus between the acts committed and the attack, and the fact that the security forces knew the acts constituted part of an attack against the civilian population and so intended them (mens rea).
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acts → include → rea
The Commission concluded that the Israeli authorities and security forces have committed the crime against humanity of extermination, torture, rape and other forms of sexual violence, persecution against the civilian population, based principally on nationality, race, and ethnicity, intersecting with gender and age.
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authorities → conclude → gender
The acts also amount to the war crimes of wilful killing and wilfully causing serious injury to body.
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acts → amount → body
The Commission finds that Israel consistently, and unlawfully, applies the conduct of hostilities paradigm to law enforcement operations in the West Bank in violation of its obligation under international human rights law.
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Israel → find → law
Israel’s conduct violates its obligations to protect Palestinians under international human rights law, including: (i) right to life; (ii) right not to be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, including sexual violence; (iii) right to liberty and security; (iv) right not to be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy, family and home; (v) right to adequate standard of living, particularly housing; (vi) right to highest attainable standard of health; (vii) right to education; and (viii) right of children to engage in play and recreational activities.
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conduct → violate → play
Israel further breached international human rights law by neglecting to prevent foreseeable harm to Palestinians, including women and children, to prosecute perpetrators and to provide remedies for victims.
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Israel → breach → victims
The Commission has previously concluded that the Israeli authorities and forces have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.
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authorities → conclude → Gaza
The cases investigated for this report show that the Israeli authorities and forces continue to commit genocidal acts with the genocidal intent to destroy, in whole or in part, the Palestinians in Gaza.
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authorities → investigate → Gaza
Furthermore, the Commission found that much of the killing and harm caused to Palestinians is a direct result of Israel’s expansion of territorial control.
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much → find → control
The intentional killing and harming of Palestinians have clear demographic and ethnic considerations that stem from Israel’s colonising policies, the report found, that is seizing maximum land while minimising the Palestinian population in relation to size, autonomy, and viability.
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report → have → size
The report emphasised that the recurrence and widespread nature of attacks causing grave physical injuries and psychological harm demonstrate that the harm inflicted on children is not incidental or collateral to the broader violence affecting civilian population, but forms part of a pattern of intentional violence directed against Palestinian children.
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harm → emphasise → children
The Palestinian Authority was established to assume interim governing responsibilities in parts of the West Bank and Gaza pursuant to the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements ( Oslo Accord) in September 1993 and the Gaza-Jericho Agreement in May 1994.
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Authority → establish → May
The Commission has previously made findings on the targeting of human rights defenders and civil society activists by the Palestinian Authority to silence dissenting opinions.
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Commission → make → opinions
The Commission also concluded that the Palestinian Authority resorted to widespread sexual and gender-based violence to silence women human rights defenders and deter them from activism online or in public places through violence, threats and the reinforcement of negative gender stereotypes.
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Authority → conclude → stereotypes
According to reports, the Palestinian Authority has increased its repression of Palestinians who are perceived as critical of the Authority since October 2023, including intimidation, arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and ill-treatment of journalists, political activists, and human rights defenders.
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who → accord → journalists
The Palestinian Authority responded harshly to criticism of Operation Protect the Homeland.
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Authority → respond → Homeland
According to reports, protests against the operation were dispersed with tear gas and by beating women and men demonstrators.
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protests → accord → demonstrators
…and 7 more, not listed.
The Aporia
