The Aporia
Anadolu Agency. (2026, November 6). Turkish parliament approves Makkah defence pact with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/2042575/turkish-parliament-approves-makkah-defence-pact-with-pakistan-saudi-arabia
Anadolu Agency. “Turkish parliament approves Makkah defence pact with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia.” Dawn, 6 Nov. 2026, https://www.dawn.com/news/2042575/turkish-parliament-approves-makkah-defence-pact-with-pakistan-saudi-arabia.
Anadolu Agency. “Turkish parliament approves Makkah defence pact with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia.” Dawn, November 6, 2026. https://www.dawn.com/news/2042575/turkish-parliament-approves-makkah-defence-pact-with-pakistan-saudi-arabia.
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On November 6, 2026, Turkey's parliament ratified the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan by a vote of 279 to 119. The agreement, signed by all three countries at a trilateral summit in Makkah on August 7, aims to strengthen collective security and deepen defense cooperation in the region. Although Turkish officials emphasize that the pact does not target any third country, critics raise concerns about potential conflicts of interest given Turkey's NATO membership. In the vote, 398 out of 592 lawmakers participated.