The COP31 climate talks kicked off on Monday with an early fight over money as the UN’s chief urged world leaders to “get serious” about tackling the crisis after a year of devastating weather extremes.
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chief → kick → extremes
Antonio Guterres made his plea as thousands of participants descended on a sprawling expo centre in the Turkish Mediterranean city of Antalya for the UN’s annual two-week climate conference.
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thousands → make → conference
The summit comes after a year of punishing heatwaves in Europe, major wildfires in Indonesia and catastrophic floods in Nepal, with an exceptionally strong El Nino weather phenomenon fuelling more climate chaos.
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phenomenon → come → chaos
The summit comes after a year of punishing heatwaves in Europe, major wildfires in Indonesia and catastrophic floods in Nepal, with an exceptionally strong El Nino weather phenomenon fuelling more climate chaos.
“We have entered a new age of climate extremes,” Guterres said in a statement.
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Guterres → come → statement
He urged leaders to “get serious by cutting emissions faster, accelerating a just transition from fossil fuels and delivering the finance and protection vulnerable countries need”.
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countries → urge → finance
The COP31 opening ceremony opened an hour-and-a-half late without explanation.
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ceremony → open → explanation
Negotiators had been locked in discussions late Sunday over demands by developing nations to include items on climate finance in the official agenda.
“This has already been a difficult start for COP31,” said Jasper Inventor, head of Greenpeace’s COP31 delegation.
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Inventor → lock → delegation
Under UN climate agreements, developed countries, which are historically responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions, have provided financial support to help developing nations adapt to climate impacts and transition to cleaner energy.
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nations → develop → energy
But poorer countries say the sums remain insufficient.
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sums → say → ?
Inventor said developed countries were “taking a hard line” over whether to include a platform, agreed at COP30 in Brazil last year, aimed at discussing how wealthy nations should provide funds to developing nations.
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nations → say → nations
African countries are also pushing for the agenda to include discussions on the tripling of adaptation finance, which aims to help poorer nations pay for measures such as building sea walls or planting drought-resistant crops.
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nations → push → crops
But that point was not made a standalone agenda item.
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point → make → ?
A senior European Union official warned last week that there would be “no political will” for extra funding pledges at COP31.
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official → warn → COP31
Observers say few major breakthroughs are expected at COP31 as countries grapple with an oil price shock and geopolitical tensions fuelled by the US war with Iran and Russia’s conflict in Ukraine.
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countries → say → Ukraine
As negotiators tussled in Antalya, the UN’s World Meteorological Organisation released a report indicating that 2026 has continued a streak of exceptional global temperatures, melting ice and rising sea levels.
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2026 → tussle → temperatures
The EU’s climate monitor warned last week that 2026 would most likely be the second-hottest year ever recorded, while scientists say 2027 could top the chart, fuelled by El Nino.
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2027 → warn → Nino
The long-term outlook is bleak: the UN warned in September that global temperatures were on course to exceed 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, breaching the most ambitious threshold set by the Paris Agreement.
“Global leaders must pull us back from the brink and commit to rapidly transitioning away from fossil fuels and expanding renewable energy, an imperative reinforced by the current energy affordability crisis,” said Rachel Cleetus, climate programme director at the Union of Concerned Scientists.
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Cleetus → warn → Scientists
Fossil fuel fight
Turkiye is presiding over COP31, with Australia leading negotiations under an unusual arrangement that settled a dispute over who would host the conference.
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who → preside → conference
The partners have branded the summit as the “implementation COP”, focusing on turning commitments into concrete action after years of pledges and ambitious announcements.
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partners → brand → pledges
Turkiye is promoting an “action agenda” alongside the formal negotiations that encourages countries to support non-binding pledges on issues from artificial intelligence to waste management.
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that → promote → management
Its centrepiece is an “electrification” drive to raise the share of global energy demand met by electricity from around 20 per cent today to 35pc by 2035.
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centrepiece → raise → 2035
But the initiative could become a source of friction.
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initiative → become → friction
The EU has called for “clean” electrification, a term that could spark debate over the role of fossil fuels in the Turkish proposal.
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that → call → proposal
Countries committed to transition away from fossil fuels in a landmark pact at COP28 in Dubai in 2023 but have struggled to agree on how to turn that pledge into action.
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Countries → commit → action
COP30 ended with a deal that made no explicit mention of fossil fuels after oil-producing countries opposed the language.
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countries → end → language
Instead, Brazil produced a voluntary “roadmap” with proposals for phasing out fossil fuels that each country can tailor to their circumstances.
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country → produce → circumstances
Climate diplomacy is still missing a major player, as climate-sceptic President Donald Trump has not sent officials to COP31.
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Trump → miss → COP31
A US congressional delegation, however, will come to Antalya, with Democrats beaming after last week’s historic US midterm election win.
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Democrats → come → win
The Aporia
