Why US plan to sell F-35 warplanes to Saudi Arabia is controversial

US President Donald Trump's administration approved the sale of 48 Lockheed Martin F-35 fighter jets to Saudi Arabia for an estimated $24.3 billion. This move marks a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, potentially altering the balance of power in the Middle East and raising concerns from lawmakers who fear it could expose sensitive American military technology to China through a security partnership between Riyadh and Beijing. The sale includes 49 Pratt & Whitney engines alongside communications equipment, spare parts, and other support items, with Congress having 30 days to review or block the transaction. Israel, currently the only Middle Eastern nation operating F-35s under U.S. law guaranteeing it top-tier weaponry compared to regional neighbors, has voiced concern over the deal. The State Department maintains that the sale will bolster Saudi Arabia’s defense capabilities without disrupting the regional military balance, aligning with longstanding U.S. policy prioritizing Israel's strategic advantage in the region. However, some lawmakers argue that this transaction may jeopardize American technological security and stability within the Gulf. Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois warned that it could put "the crown jewels of American military technology" at risk from Chinese espionage through cooperation between Saudi Arabia and China. The proposed sale aims to reinforce Saudi Arabia’s defense posture against current and future threats, enhancing interoperability with U.S. forces while augmenting its operational aircraft inventory for enhanced air-to-air and ground self-defense capabilities. Despite these assurances, the deal remains contentious due to fears of technology leakage and regional stability concerns, necessitating thorough congressional scrutiny before final approval can be granted.