"AI Slop" Decried by Florida Appellate Court: "Counsel's Lengthy and Unfocused Filings Contain Gibberish"

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Volokh, E. (2026, September 18). "AI Slop" Decried by Florida Appellate Court: "Counsel's Lengthy and Unfocused Filings Contain Gibberish". Reason. https://reason.com/volokh/2026/09/18/ai-slop-decried-by-florida-appellate-court-counsels-lengthy-and-unfocused-filings-contain-gibberish/

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Reason · collected 2026-09-18 · by Eugene Volokh

Quick Summary

Florida's Court of Appeal recently criticized "AI slop" in legal filings submitted for a divorce case. Justice Robert Gross and colleagues accused the lawyer’s documents of containing gibberish, false claims, and frivolous arguments generated by artificial intelligence without proper human oversight. The court warned that such practices undermine judicial integrity and threaten orderly proceedings, emphasizing the need for attorneys to maintain independent judgment when presenting cases before courts.
Written by AI on 2026-09-18, from this article's own text only (the story summary below draws on all the coverage).

AI analysis

Story summary

In a recent decision by the Florida Court of Appeal, Justice Gross and colleagues criticized a lawyer named Jaclyn R. Soroka for submitting filings in a dissolution of marriage case that were generated largely or entirely by artificial intelligence, labeling it as "AI slop." The court found these submissions to be unprofessional due to their unfocused nature, containing false and frivolous arguments, which abuse the legal process. Within ten days, Soroka is required to file a response without AI assistance and explain why she should not face sanctions such as referral to the Florida Bar for disciplinary action. The court's ruling underscores concerns about the misuse of AI in legal filings, highlighting issues with ethical representation and proper litigation practices.

Written for “AI Criticism in Court” on 2026-11-03, grounded in this article and the 0 other(s) covering the same event.

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📰 AI Criticism in Court
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Claims extracted
27
sentences that state something as happening or true
Uncertain
4%
1 of 27 hedged ("reportedly", "may", "according to")
Leaning
not political
takes no side on a contested political question
Publisher signals
67/100
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Outlets on this story
1
Other
Same framing elsewhere
1
articles that frame the event the way this one does
Analyzed 2026-09-18 · how these are computed

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Source leaning vs. consistency

Publisher

Reason · 1084 article(s) · 4 correction(s) detected
Running correction rate · 4 correction(s)

Who wrote this

Eugene Volokh
192 article(s) here · 0 carrying a prediction
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🔮 From Sanchez v. Almond, decided Wednesday by Judge John McConnell (D.R.I.): Mr. Sanchez began working at the office of Rhode Island Governor Daniel J. McKee in May 2021 as a "constituent services" staffer.
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🔮 After Judge Covington announced that she would be denying McClain's suppression motion, Outlaw stood up and said "the judge is a cocksucker" loud enough for Judge Covington to hear.
🔮 According to the Complaint, in August 2024, Plaintiffs and other District community members learned that then-member of the Board of School Directors of Souderton Area School District (the "Board") William Formica posted lewd comments on social media about Vice President Kamala Harris, disparaging teachers and non-English speakers, and deriding diversity programs.
🔮 Some excerpts from the long First Superseding Indictment in U.S. v. Hakim (E.D. Mich.), filed Oct. 21, alleging conspiracy to transmit threats in interstate commerce as well as, for two defendants, witness intimidation and destruction of property to prevent seizure (8 of the 12 defendants had originally been indicted in May); the targets included UM officials and businesses connected with them, as well as the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit:
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🔮 The same logic could apply to nuns who had felt religious pressure to do the educational or nursing work that their order was known for, or to monks who had felt religious pressure to do agricultural work that supports the monastery.
2026-10-30 · assertive framing · Amicus Brief in OneTaste Criminal Prosecution
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Topics

Bloomberg Law Florida Court of Appeal

Subjects

Bloomberg Law ORG · 1× Caroline Shepherd PERSON · 1× Florida Court of Appeal ORG · 1× Gross PERSON · 1× Jarrett Ganer PERSON · 1× Jodi Swick PERSON · 1× Lisandrillo PERSON · 1× Palozzi PERSON · 1× Robert Gross PERSON · 1× Spencer Levine PERSON · 1×

Narrative

Order to Show Cause Within ten (10) days of this opinion, petitioner's counsel, Jaclyn R. Soroka, shall file a response and show cause—without the use of AI—why sanctions, such as referral to the Florida Bar for consideration of disciplinary proceedings, should not be imposed for submitting frivolous filings to this Court.
framing: assertive · carried by 1 article(s) · first seen 2026-09-18

Claims (27 extracted, 1 hedged)

We deny the extraordinary writ petition seeking review in this dissolution of marriage case and write solely to address counsel's filing of what appears to be "AI slop." asserted
what → deny → filing
Counsel's lengthy and unfocused filings contain gibberish and abuse the litigation process in different ways—including by churning out convoluted, false, and frivolous arguments. asserted
filings → contain → arguments
{The AI slop problem we address here has nothing to do with hallucinated law or false legal citations. asserted
we → address → law
The cases exist. asserted
cases → exist → ?
Yet the analytical reasoning—or lack of it—reveals that the arguments were assembled by an AI tool rather than developed through a trained advocate's independent judgment. asserted
arguments → reveal → judgment
Jodi Swick & Jarrett Ganer, AI Slop Filings Show Lawyers Must Do More Than Check Citations, Bloomberg Law (January 26, 2026, 4:30 AM). asserted
Lawyers → show → Citations
We agree that AI-drafting without meaningful attorney involvement "undermines the very premise of qualified legal representation."} asserted
drafting → agree → representation
We suspect that counsel's filings contain AI-generated components. asserted
filings → suspect → components
{Ironically, while some of the content appears AI-generated, other portions appear too unpolished to have been produced by AI.} asserted
portions → appear → AI
Abusive AI filing threatens the orderly administration of justice. asserted
filing → threaten → justice
We have recently sanctioned vexatious pro se litigants for abusive AI filings. asserted
We → sanction → filings
Courts must require more from attorneys and not tolerate abusive practice fueled by AI…. asserted
Courts → require → AI
For more details on why the court thinks "[t]he filings contain indicia of non-human authorship," read the (longish) opinion. asserted
filings → think → opinion
The allegation in ground H that the judge admonished counsel for not cross-examining witnesses is bizarre. asserted
judge → admonish → witnesses
No such citation or quotation of the alleged admonishment is in the record. asserted
citation → allege → record
At paragraph 77, the motion argues: The Court admonished her for that judgment. asserted
Court → argue → judgment
The bind that creates, participate and get shut down on the one hand … decline and get admonished on the other, is not a fair proceeding. asserted
that → create → other
The filings often emphasize (with bold and italics) seemingly random sentences causing the reader to focus on what turns out to be irrelevant facts. asserted
what → emphasize → sentences
Here, the motion emphasizes legal gibberish. asserted
motion → emphasize → gibberish
The motion and petition contain many other puzzling arguments…. asserted
motion → contain → arguments
[Another set of unfounded claims] typifies the "issue churning" problem. uncertain
set → typify → problem
AI churns out a laundry list of convoluted arguments that no competent lawyer should make. asserted
lawyer → churn → that
Counsel must exercise independent judgment when making arguments to a court. asserted
Counsel → exercise → court
The unnatural ways the arguments are presented further leads us to suspect AI was used. asserted
AI → present → us
Ultimately, however, whether this was AI-generated, AI-assisted, or something else makes no difference. asserted
was → generate → difference
An attorney is obligated to stand behind any submission to a court…. asserted
attorney → obligate → court
Order to Show Cause Within ten (10) days of this opinion, petitioner's counsel, Jaclyn R. Soroka, shall file a response and show cause—without the use of AI—why sanctions, such as referral to the Florida Bar for consideration of disciplinary proceedings, should not be imposed for submitting frivolous filings to this Court. asserted
sanctions → show → Court
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