Jewish heirs of Holocaust victims and their representatives have filed two lawsuits in California staking their claims to Nazi-looted paintings that still hang on the walls of prominent museums in Los Angeles and Auschwitz.
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that → file → Angeles
This pair of lawsuits are the first to be filed after the recent passage of laws by California and the US Congress, which strengthen US-based claims to artwork that were forcibly taken from Jewish families during the second world war.
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that → file → war
One lawsuit was filed in Los Angeles superior court on Monday by the Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles and its board chair, Daniel Gryczman, against the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena for the return of painting Adam and Eve.
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lawsuit → file → Adam
These are two lifesize oil-on-panel masterpieces created by Lucas Cranach the Elder in 1530.
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These → create → 1530
The other lawsuit was filed in federal court in Los Angeles the same day by the daughters of the late Dina Gottliebova Babbitt, a Holocaust survivor and California-based animator who was held in Auschwitz.
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who → file → Auschwitz
It demanded the return of watercolors of fellow prisoners that the artist was forced to paint for Josef Mengele, a Nazi physician who had earned the nickname the “Angel of Death”, from the Auschwitz-Birkenau museum in Poland.
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who → demand → Poland
Spokespersons for both museums say the museums legally hold titles to the works, and intend to continue displaying them to the public.
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museums → say → public
The lawsuits don’t specify the monetary value of the paintings.
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lawsuits → specify → paintings
The issue of Nazi-looted art is an emotionally, legally and ethically charged topic that pits Jewish families that have suffered intergenerational trauma against museums that say they are trying to preserve a painful, yet important, chapter of history.
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they → loot → history
Between 1933 and 1945, the Nazi regime orchestrated the largest art theft in world history, seizing more than 600,000 works of art across Europe from Jewish families, collectors and museums.
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regime → orchestrate → families
Decades later, many of these masterpieces reside in prominent museums around the world, making the push for their recovery more complex than a simple property dispute.
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push → reside → dispute
Rabbi Noah Farkas is president and CEO of the Jewish Federation of Los Angeles, the organization to which Marei von Saher, sole heir of Dutch Jewish art dealer Jacques Goudstikker, has signed over her rights.
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Saher → sign → rights
The paintings were seized from Goudstikker’s collection by Hermann Göring, Adolf Hitler’s second-in-command, and changed a number of hands before being sold in the 1960s to the Pasadena Museum of Modern Art, which was renamed the Norton Simon Museum in honor of its benefactor.
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which → seize → benefactor
Farkas said the federation plans to use most of the net proceeds from the recovered art to provide much-needed help to the approximately 2,500 Holocaust survivors living in the Los Angeles area.
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federation → say → area
Von Saher, in a statement, said she is grateful to the Jewish organization for taking up her family’s cause.
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she → say → cause
“This effort represents a meaningful step toward justice for Holocaust survivors and victims of Nazi-era atrocities,” she said.
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she → represent → atrocities
The Norton Simon Museum released a statement pointing out that a federal court in 2018 unanimously determined that the museum had proper title to the Cranach paintings.
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museum → release → paintings
In May 2019, the US supreme court declined to get involved in the case, leaving in place lower court rulings.
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court → decline → rulings
They said the Cranach paintings, which originally belonged to the Stroganoff family, were put up for sale in 1931 by the Soviet Union in an illicit auction in Berlin, where they were purchased by Goudstikker.
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they → say → Goudstikker
After a complicated journey, the paintings were sold to the museum by a Stroganoff family descendant.
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paintings → sell → descendant
The museum later restored and preserved the pieces.
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museum → restore → pieces
“For nearly 50 years, they have been on view at the Norton Simon Museum and will continue to be accessible to the public for years to come,” the statement said.
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statement → continue → years
Pawel Sawicki, a spokesperson for the Auschwitz-Birkenau museum, said the watercolors of Roma victims that Gottliebova Babbitt was forced to paint by Mengele to document his horrendous experiments and racial research “must remain in the memorial” to document the man’s crimes.
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Babbitt → say → crimes
He said these paintings must not be mischaracterized as “Nazi-looted art” because Gottliebova Babbitt painted them against her will as a prisoner and therefore didn’t have ownership of the watercolors.
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Babbitt → say → watercolors
While he understands the family’s sentiments, Sawicki said the portraits of Roma and Sinti victims are among the few remaining documents of Mengele’s criminal experiments and should be treated as unique documents related to the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
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portraits → understand → camp
“While fully respecting the rights of people who created some of the documents here, we are of the opinion that any loss in the collections of the memorial will constitute irreparable harm,” he said.
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he → respect → harm
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