Lewis Jackson cannot remember a time when he did not want to join the army and continue a family tradition of military service going back to World War One.
asserted
he → remember → War
That dream was shattered, though, when his application was rejected on medical grounds.
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application → shatter → grounds
"Serving my country has always been a dream of mine and I never considered that I'd do anything else," said the 21-year-old.
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old → serve → anything
Jackson, from Cirencester, was turned down by the Army because he had cataract surgery at the age of three.
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he → turn → three
A Ministry of Defence (MoD) spokesperson said: "Service in the Armed Forces is physically demanding, so it's right that we have sensible health and recruitment policies which maintain operational effectiveness but don't unnecessarily exclude people."
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which → say → people
The BBC has spoken to potential recruits and professionals who question whether the rules are too strict while some applicants said they had been prevented from joining because of medical conditions they regard as minor or no longer relevant.
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they → speak → conditions
Jackson spent his teenage years in the Army Cadets where he was recognised in his unit as the best shot.
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he → spend → shot
He applied to join the Army Reserve, motivated by a desire to "give back" to a country which he said had given him "so much", but he was rejected.
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he → apply → much
"It's very frustrating, especially when you know that you are fit and healthy and you haven't even been given the opportunity to fail," he said.
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he → know → opportunity
Separate figures obtained under a Freedom of Information (FOI) request to the Ministry of Defence (MoD) showed more than 114,000 applications to the Army were rejected on medical grounds in the past five years.
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applications → obtain → years
An MOD spokesperson said: "The majority of these figures cover years before the substantial changes the government has made to remove over 100 outdated and unnecessary recruitment policies."
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government → say → policies
The figures come against a backdrop of wider recruitment challenges for the armed forces.
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figures → come → forces
Latest UK defence personnel report figures showed the military remained at about six percent below its full-time trained strength target with a shortfall of 8,460 personnel.
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military → show → personnel
Jackson said he had appealed against the rejection, providing a range of supporting evidence, including a note from a consultant ophthalmic surgeon who said his vision was now "excellent in both eyes" and "everything was stable".
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everything → say → eyes
But although his vision now meets the standard, he is ineligible because medical entry rules mean applicants who have had lens replacement surgery are considered "unfit" as they need "the visual function to be able to perform their role safely and effectively".
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they → meet → role
He has been told he is "permanently medically unfit to serve".
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he → tell → ?
Jackson said: "We are missing out on young men and women who are passionate about serving but instead are pursuing different careers.
"
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who → say → careers
I think it is ludicrous.
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it → think → ?
If you're fit, you should be able to join."
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you → join → ?
GP and Labour MP for Stroud Dr Simon Opher said there needed to be a "more sensible approach" to medical screening.
"If a health condition is stable and it's not affecting someone's functional ability, then there's no reason to exclude that person," he said.
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he → say → person
"We have to get that balance right between what's happened in the past and what would actually affect an armed forces personnel in their day-to-day duties."
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what → have → duties
The MoD sets out the medical standards in a document known as the Joint Service Publication (JSP) 950 Medical Policy.
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MoD → set → Publication
In 2024, it reviewed recruitment policies, including removing a ban on applicants with asthma and severe acne.
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it → review → asthma
But for 20-year-old Ben Smith those changes have made little difference as his application was rejected because of ongoing use of an inhaler.
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application → make → inhaler
Smith, from Blandford Forum, Dorset, wanted to join the Royal Air Force (RAF) but asthma has prevented him from doing so.
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asthma → want → him
"There is nothing more I wanted to do in the world," he said.
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he → be → world
"I'd led 250 cadets on parades and then, for all of that to come crashing down when I didn't have a back-up plan, it was horrible."
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it → lead → plan
After rising through the cadet ranks, Smith studied military protective services at college and dedicated himself to reaching the fitness standards required for service.
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Smith → rise → service
"I was proud," he said.
asserted
he → say → ?
"I was lifting double my body weight in the gym and my bleep test scores were constantly improving."
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scores → lift → gym
Inspired by other family members who had served in the armed forces, he applied to join the RAF, hoping to train as either aircrew or a mechanic.
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he → inspire → aircrew
However, his application was rejected because he uses an inhaler.
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he → reject → inhaler
Smith's appeal included a letter from his GP which said he had an "unlimited exercise tolerance".
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he → include → tolerance
The letter said: "He is a fit and active young man with a strong ambition to join."
His appeal was unsuccessful.
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appeal → say → ambition
The review said: "All candidates, irrespective of role, need to be a minimum of 12 months treatment, symptom and medication-free."
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candidates → say → months
For Smith, the decision brought his life-long ambition to an end.
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decision → bring → end
"The dream has ended," he said.
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he → end → ?
"I've been told no.
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I → tell → ?
I don't know what to do with myself."
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I → know → myself
Prof Neil Greenberg, president of the Society of Occupational Medicine, said: "The military has to have strict standards of physical and psychological health.
"
asserted
military → say → health
…and 9 more, not listed.
The Aporia
