Claims extracted
23
sentences that state something as happening or true
Uncertain
26%
6 of 23 hedged
("reportedly", "may", "according to")
Leaning
not political
takes no side on a contested political question
Publisher signals
59/100
Times of India's corrections and
hedging, across everything collected from it. Not a measure of accuracy.
Outlets on this story
1
Other
Same framing elsewhere
1
articles that frame the event the way this one does
Workers replacing a water main on Philadelphia's Spruce Street in 2017 uncovered wooden water mains dating back to the early 19th century.
asserted
Workers → replace → century
The pipes were found during excavation along the 900 block of Spruce Street on 3 May, and research by Adam Levine, PWD's historical consultant, indicates the main was most likely installed around 1812.
uncertain
main → find → 1812
Records from the city's Watering Committee show that a pipe was laid "Back of Spruce, from Ninth to Tenth" between October 1811 and October 1812.
asserted
pipe → show → October
The wooden mains formed part of Philadelphia's early water infrastructure before the city transitioned to cast iron pipes.
asserted
city → form → pipes
Philadelphia’s wooden water mains dated back to around 1812
According to the Philadelphia Water Department, the wooden mains dated to a period when Philadelphia's water system was still developing.
uncertain
system → date → period
According to Levine's research, a Watering Committee report dated 5 November 1812 recorded that a pipe had been laid "Back of Spruce, from Ninth to Tenth" between October 1811 and October 1812.
uncertain
pipe → accord → October
The report also listed other pipes laid near the same block during that period.
asserted
report → list → period
At the time, the Fairmount Water Works had not yet been completed.
asserted
Works → complete → time
The PWD source states that drinking water was still being delivered by gravity from the Centre Square Water Works, which stood at the site where Philadelphia City Hall is located today.
asserted
Hall → state → site
The PWD says the department itself began supplying the city with water in 1801.
asserted
department → say → 1801
Why did Philadelphia replace its wooden water mains with cast iron pipes
asserted
Philadelphia → replace → pipes
According to Levine, Philadelphia began laying cast iron pipes alongside wooden ones in 1819.
uncertain
Philadelphia → accord → 1819
He wrote that "After 1832 all new pipe laid was cast iron, and the existing wooden pipes were gradually replaced."
asserted
pipes → write → 1832
The wooden pipe uncovered on Spruce Street had itself been replaced by a 12-inch cast iron main in 1831.
asserted
itself → uncover → 1831
The replacement of wooden mains continued for decades.
asserted
replacement → continue → decades
Levine stated that these replacements continued until 1858, when "the last wooden pipe was taken out of service (if not out of the ground)."
asserted
pipe → state → ground
The PWD reported that the section discovered on Spruce Street was mostly rotten, although a couple of sections were salvaged and moved to a storage facility.
asserted
couple → report → facility
What does the PWD archive preserve
asserted
preserve → preserve → What
The discovery added to the Philadelphia Water Department's collection of historical material documenting the city's water infrastructure.
asserted
discovery → add → infrastructure
According to the PWD, its archives contain more than 30,000 items and are dedicated to preserving the history of the department and Philadelphia's water system.
uncertain
archives → accord → department
The Spruce Street discovery also helped document a period when wooden mains formed part of Philadelphia's water network.
asserted
mains → document → network
The PWD noted that the discovery was not the first time its historic wooden water mains had attracted public attention.
asserted
mains → note → attention
The department had previously published images from its archives to address an urban belief that some customers might still be served by wooden mains, stating that this would not be possible because the old structures would not withstand the water pressure of the modern delivery system.
uncertain
structures → publish → system
The Aporia
