As October arrives, medical experts are advising people to get vaccinated against flu before the virus begins spreading widely, alongside updating protection against other autumn respiratory illnesses.
asserted
virus → arrive → illnesses
Updated COVID-19 jabs are now available, as well as vaccinations tailored for those particularly vulnerable to another winter threat, RSV.
asserted
jabs → update → threat
While these viruses make many people feel unwell for a few days prior to recovery, influenza on its own leads to hundreds of thousands of hospitalisations in the US and kills tens of thousands every year.
asserted
influenza → make → thousands
Vaccination isn’t "a guarantee that we’re going to prevent illness.
asserted
we → go → illness
But just like the seat belt in your car, it decreases risk" of the most severe outcomes, said Dr Ryan Stanton of the American College of Emergency Physicians.
asserted
Stanton → decrease → Physicians
Seasonal vaccine guidance traditionally stems from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its independent advisory panel.
asserted
guidance → stem → Control
However, a legal battle involving that panel, which shapes state and insurance vaccine policies, means the CDC has not updated its official advice this year.
asserted
CDC → involve → advice
Medical organisations are now stepping in to address the gap.
The American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America have issued specific vaccination guidelines for their patient groups, accompanied by the underlying scientific evidence.
asserted
Academy → step → evidence
Here's what to know...
asserted
Here → know → what
Just about everyone should get vaccinated against flu
Just about everybody starting at age 6 months needs flu vaccination, the medical societies agree.
asserted
societies → vaccinate → vaccination
But flu is particularly dangerous for people 65 and older, pregnant women, young children and people of any age who have chronic health problems, including asthma, diabetes, heart disease and weak immune systems.
asserted
who → have → asthma
The last two flu seasons brought unusually high numbers of child deaths, the vast majority of them in unvaccinated kids.
asserted
seasons → bring → kids
The vaccines don't block all flu infections, but they do help prevent the worst outcomes, decreasing older adults' hospitalizations by 31% last year, according to the Vaccine Integrity Project, a public health group based at the University of Minnesota.
Here's how to pick from the multiple flu vaccine options
Three “enhanced” flu vaccines are designed to better protect seniors.
uncertain
vaccines → block → seniors
The American Academy of Family Physicians urges them to choose one — “but do not delay your vaccination if that one’s not available,” said AAFP’s Dr. Sarah Nosal.
asserted
Nosal → urge → vaccination
The Food and Drug Administration recently approved a new choice for people ages 50 and older, the first flu vaccine made with the same mRNA technology that was key to ending the COVID-19 pandemic.
asserted
that → approve → pandemic
One study found Moderna's mFlusiva was 27 per cent more effective against symptomatic illness among 50- to 64-year-olds than a standard shot.
asserted
mFlusiva → find → shot
The shot-averse could choose a nasal spray, FluMist, if they're ages 2 to 49 and meet other health criteria.
uncertain
they → choose → criteria
The latest on COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 shots once were recommended for just about everyone by federal health agencies, but like last year, the FDA has only formally approved them for higher-risk people — those ages 65 and older or younger people with at least one health condition that increases their risk.
asserted
that → recommend → risk
Still, the family physicians recommend all adults get a COVID-19 vaccination, especially seniors and those with other risk factors.
asserted
adults → recommend → factors
Adults 65 and older should get a fall dose and then a second dose six months later, as immunity wanes over time, Nosal said.
asserted
Nosal → get → time
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a COVID-19 shot for all children ages 6 months to 23 months, and for older kids with high-risk conditions.
asserted
Academy → recommend → conditions
It also supports vaccination for any child whose parent wishes it.
asserted
parent → support → it
With millions of shots administered, there’s no evidence that coronavirus vaccination during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage or other problems, “so please get the vaccine,” said ACOG’s Dr. Christina Davidson.
asserted
Davidson → administer → vaccine
Depending on age, people can choose a shot from Moderna, Pfizer, or the only non-mRNA version from Novavax and Sanofi.
asserted
people → depend → Novavax
Just like with flu vaccines, these shots are better at preventing severe disease than mild cases.
asserted
shots → prevent → cases
The Vaccine Integrity Project said last fall’s COVID-19 shots cut the risk of hospitalization by 53% in seniors and slashed emergency room visits for very young children.
asserted
shots → say → children
They occurred somewhat more often with the new mFlusiva than with standard flu shots.
asserted
They → occur → shots
Here's where you can get vaccinated
While pediatricians and some clinics offer both flu and coronavirus shots, they're most common in pharmacies.
asserted
they → vaccinate → pharmacies
For COVID-19 shots, states have more pharmacy rules.
asserted
states → have → rules
For example, Walgreens says it offers those shots without a prescription in all but two states, Arizona and Oregon, but can provide doses for children as young as 3 in some states while others have higher age limits.
asserted
others → say → limits
Medicare covers the fall shots and most private health insurers say they plan to continue doing so through 2027.
asserted
they → cover → 2027
If you want to choose mFlusiva, the new Moderna flu option, make sure to double check that your insurance covers it.
asserted
insurance → want → it
When to get vaccinated
Flu experts say October is best, although vaccinations will remain available through the fall — just remember it can take two weeks for protection to kick in.
asserted
protection → vaccinate → weeks
COVID-19 cases rose in the late summer and usually do again around the winter holidays.
asserted
cases → rise → holidays
Some experts say it's also OK to time the coronavirus shot a few weeks ahead of an event you wouldn’t want to miss because of illness, like a special trip or get-together.
asserted
you → say → trip
But it can be severe, even life-threatening, for infants and older adults.
asserted
it → threaten → infants
The family physicians recommend a one-time vaccination for adults 75 and older, people 50 to 74 who are at increased risk, or younger people with weak immune systems.
asserted
who → recommend → systems
It’s also recommended during late pregnancy to protect infants born during RSV season.
asserted
It → recommend → season
Separately, the pediatricians recommend a vaccine-like medication for those infants whose moms weren't vaccinated and some other high-risk babies.
asserted
moms → recommend → infants
The Aporia
