Israelis are gathering Wednesday to commemorate the Oct. 7, 2023, attack that killed 1,200 people, saw 251 taken hostage, and sparked a devastating war in Gaza that Palestinians still grapple with.
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Palestinians → gather → that
In southern Israel, families will mourn at intersections, bomb shelters, and the site of a music festival that Hamas-led militants overran three years ago in the deadliest attack against Israel.
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militants → mourn → Israel
This will be the first anniversary that all the hostages are home, marking a new stage of grief.
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hostages → mark → grief
For Palestinians, the anniversary brings another day living with the results of Israel’s retaliatory campaign in Gaza that has killed tens of thousands of people.
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that → bring → people
Most of the population of about 2 million people live in vast, squalid tent camps, with large parts of the strip’s cities reduced to rubble.
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parts → live → rubble
More than half the territory remains in the hands of the Israeli military, and despite a ceasefire deal reached nearly a year ago, Israeli strikes continue almost daily.
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strikes → remain → deal
For the region, the day highlights a startling transformation over the past three years.
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day → highlight → years
Israeli troops occupy a large chunk of southern Lebanon in their conflict with Hezbollah, which began firing on Israel in 2023 in support of Hamas.
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which → occupy → Hamas
Iran and the United States are locked in a confrontation that has seen attacks across Arab Gulf countries and has shaken the global economy — a conflict that Israel helped launch and that the Gaza war paved the way for even if they weren’t directly connected.
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they → lock → way
A released hostage marks his first Oct. 7
Elkana Bohbot, 37, is marking the anniversary in Israel for the first time, after being released from 738 days of captivity last year.
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Bohbot → release → captivity
For most of that time, he said, he was held 50 meters (165 feet) underground in a dark, damp tunnel.
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he → say → tunnel
Bohbot, who was abducted from the Nova music festival, was kept in a small cell with other hostages, given very little food, and allowed to bathe only every few weeks, he said.
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he → abduct → food
His captors forced him to take part in several propaganda videos, including one where he acts out a fake call to his family.
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he → force → family
In the 11 months since his release, Bohbot has undergone physical and emotional rehabilitation, written a book, begun a speaking career, traveled with his family, and celebrated all the holidays and birthdays he missed.
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he → undergo → holidays
In August, his wife, Rivka, gave birth to a daughter, fulfilling a fierce promise that Bohbot made to himself in the tunnels to give his 5-year-old son, Reem, a sibling.
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Bohbot → give → sibling
The newborn Michele is “not a symbol for my people, she is more of a symbol for the enemy,” Bohbot told The Associated Press.
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Bohbot → tell → Press
In Gaza, Palestinians struggle to recover
No events are expected on Wednesday in Gaza, where Israel’s offensive has devastated the narrow strip and displaced around 90% of its population, often multiple times.
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offensive → struggle → population
Restrictions on the entry of goods and aid have contributed to a severe hunger crisis.
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Restrictions → contribute → crisis
More than 74,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza, according to the territory’s Health Ministry, which does not distinguish between civilians and militants in its figures but says around half were women and children.
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half → kill → figures
The numbers from the ministry, part of the Hamas-run government, are seen as generally reliable by U.N. agencies and independent experts.
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numbers → run → agencies
While a ceasefire that took effect on Oct. 10 has halted the heaviest fighting, Israeli strikes have continued, targeting what Israel says are Hamas militants.
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Israel → take → fighting
Since the ceasefire, 1,145 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza, according to the ministry.
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Palestinians → kill → ministry
Seven Israeli soldiers have been killed in that period.
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soldiers → kill → period
Hamas portrayed the Oct. 7 attack as a response to decades of Israeli military occupation, land seizures and settlement construction.
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Hamas → portray → occupation
But the Palestinians’ dream of an independent state appears even more distant.
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dream → appear → state
The anniversary comes to a radically altered Middle East
A contentious election in Israel at the end of the month hangs over this year’s anniversary.
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election → come → anniversary
The government’s official memorial services took place on Oct. 5, closer to the Hebrew-calendar anniversary of the attack.
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services → take → attack
The separate commemorations are indicative of the deep divisions over Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s handling of the war and his reluctance to launch an official inquiry into failings of the day.
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commemorations → launch → day
The attack set in motion a cascade of events that led to wars across the Middle East as Israel confronted Hamas, Hezbollah and their backer Iran.
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Israel → set → Hamas
Israel has seized swaths of territory in Syria and Lebanon, where more than 300,000 Lebanese remain displaced.
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Lebanese → seize → Syria
The United States joined Israel in attacking Iran’s military and nuclear program in two rounds, battering Iran and upending global markets far from the battlefield.
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States → join → battlefield
The Aporia
