Canadian prime minister Mark Carney and European commission president Ursula von der Leyen on Thursday pressed for a closer alliance between Canada and the European Union, pitching it as a way to protect their economic sovereignty amid US president Donald Trump’s trade war and mounting pressure on traditional allies.
asserted
Carney → press → allies
The proposed partnership could make Canada the EU’s first “associate member”, bringing it closer to the bloc without formal membership.
uncertain
Canada → propose → membership
The two leaders also backed a broader “Alliance for the Future”, envisaged as a framework for cooperation on trade, defence, critical minerals, technology and research.
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leaders → back → trade
“When trade becomes a tool of economic pressure, it is families that pay the price, from the supermarket shelf to the cost of a new car,” von der Leyen said in Montreal.
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Leyen → become → Montreal
“We are seeing in real time our sovereignty being attacked.”
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sovereignty → see → time
Von der Leyen warned that economic ties once seen as a source of stability were increasingly being used as instruments of coercion, particularly where countries depended on single suppliers for energy, semiconductors and critical minerals.
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countries → warn → energy
Carney said a deeper partnership would help Canada absorb economic shocks and resist attempts by foreign governments and powerful technology companies to dictate its choices.
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Canada → say → choices
It allows us to withstand shocks,” he said.
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he → allow → shocks
“It allows us to live our lives as we choose.”
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we → allow → lives
The push comes as Trump has suggested that Canada’s proposed arrangement with the EU could amount to a “hostile act” and threatened tariffs on Europe if he deemed the move unfriendly.
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move → come → Europe
A senior Canadian government official said Wednesday that closer ties with Europe were not directed against the US but reflected longstanding shared interests.
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ties → say → interests
Carney sought to play down the debate over the proposed associate-member label, saying the substance of the partnership mattered more than its name.
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substance → seek → name
The name doesn’t matter,” he said.
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he → matter → ?
He later used the term “associate member” himself at a business roundtable with von der Leyen, highlighting the potential benefits for Canadian businesses, researchers and consumers.
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He → use → businesses
Carney has ruled out full EU membership and said any enhanced partnership would require a vote in Canada’s Parliament.
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partnership → rule → Parliament
Associate-member proposal faces resistance
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proposal → face → resistance
Von der Leyen showed no sign of abandoning the proposal, despite concerns among some EU member states.
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Leyen → show → states
Canada cannot join the bloc as a full member because of geography, she said, but both sides wanted to take their relationship to the “highest level possible”.
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sides → join → level
“This is why we are discussing the idea of Canada becoming the first associate member of the European Union,” she said, describing the proposed arrangement as an “association without accession”.
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she → discuss → accession
The model could bring Canada closer to the EU than any previous arrangement with a country outside the bloc, with deeper cooperation on artificial intelligence, energy, defence and other sectors.
uncertain
model → bring → intelligence
Anand Sundar, a special adviser at the European Council on Foreign Relations, said France and Germany were among the countries unhappy with the designation and that it might not survive the summit.
“The fact that member states have rejected the associate membership framing is very embarrassing for von der Leyen,” Sundar said.
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Sundar → say → Leyen
The two-day summit, also attended by European Council President Antonio Costa, is expected to launch the broader “Alliance for the Future”.
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summit → attend → Future
Von der Leyen said other like-minded, trusted countries would be welcome to join that initiative, which is distinct from the more ambitious associate-member proposal.
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which → say → proposal
She said Canada and the EU would finalise an agreement on Friday to give Canadian companies, startups and researchers access to Europe’s network of 12 advanced supercomputers, strengthening cooperation on artificial intelligence.
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Canada → say → intelligence
The sides also plan to improve strategic supply chains and encourage joint investment in industries considered critical to economic security, with officials hoping the wider partnership could be endorsed in 2027.
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partnership → plan → 2027
Canada already has significant economic links with the EU through the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), which eliminated most tariffs.
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which → have → tariffs
It is also the only non-European country participating in the EU’s 150-billion-euro ($167-billion) SAFE defence procurement programme, which allows Canadian companies to participate in joint European military purchases.
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companies → participate → purchases
Further defence cooperation, however, faces competing priorities within the bloc.
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cooperation → face → bloc
Sundar said France was pushing for strict “Made in Europe” rules that could restrict Canadian firms’ access to future EU defence spending, while Germany favoured broader participation.
uncertain
Germany → say → participation
Critical minerals are another area of potential cooperation as both sides seek to diversify supply chains.
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sides → seek → chains
Von der Leyen said the value of EU imports of Canadian critical raw materials rose 62% last year to 3.3 billion euros ($3.7 billion), including lithium, cobalt, nickel and graphite.
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value → say → lithium
The US accounted for 71.7% of Canada’s merchandise exports in 2025.
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US → account → 2025
Carney has set a goal of doubling exports to other countries over the next decade, reducing Canada’s reliance on its southern neighbour.
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Carney → set → neighbour
Carney’s push for closer ties with Europe builds on a warning he delivered at the World Economic Forum in Davos in January, when he said the US-led international order was breaking down and urged middle powers to unite against economic coercion by major powers.
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order → build → powers
The Aporia
