Bosnia holds a general election Sunday in which citizens of the multi-ethnic Balkan nation are focused on everyday problems, while some mainstream politicians are whipping up war-era tensions that have kept the country divided since its brutal 1992-95 conflict.
asserted
that → hold → conflict
Once polls open at 7 a.m. local time, around 3.4 million voters in Bosnia will choose three multi-ethnic presidency members, lawmakers for the national Parliament and heads of institutions for the country’s two entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska.
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voters → open → Bosnia
The complex network of institutions was created in a U.S.-brokered peace agreement that ended the war.
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that → create → war
Taking center stage in the contest is a staunchly pro-Russian politician who, despite not appearing on the ballot, has dominated the campaign and inflamed divisions that have sparked fears of renewed instability.
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that → take → instability
Pro-Russian Dodik wields influence despite not being on ballot
Milorad Dodik, the separatist and nationalist former president of the Serb-majority Republika Srpska, has been banned from holding public office after being convicted of defying decisions by the international envoy overseeing the 1995 peace agreement.
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Dodik → wield → agreement
Just back from a trip to Moscow where he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin, Dodik’s party, the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, is likely to win the election in Republika Srpska.
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party → meet → Srpska
At his party’s final election rally Friday night in Banja Luka, Republika Srpska’s administrative capital, Dodik told supporters that Bosnia “is dead.”
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Bosnia → tell → supporters
It doesn’t make any sense,” Dodik said at the rally, which was also attended by the Russian ambassador to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Igor Khalabukov.
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which → make → Bosnia
Dragan Bursac, an analyst, said despite Dodik not appearing on the ballot for the first time in nearly 30 years, he “is still in command.
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he → say → command
It is obvious that these measures to ban him from political life are not working, and he is using them,” Bursac said.
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Bursac → ban → them
Vote takes place as ethnic tensions rise
While Bosnia has been peaceful in recent years, its politicians have kept alive the divisions between the country’s Bosniaks, who are mainly Muslim, and its Serbs and Croats.
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who → take → Bosniaks
Bosnian Serb leaders like Dodik have pushed for the separation of their entity from the rest of Bosnia, which has led to concerns among Western countries that tensions could once again spill over.
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tensions → push → countries
One of the poorest countries in Europe, Bosnia is still struggling to recover decades after the war that started in 1992 after Bosnia declared independence from the Serb-led former Yugoslavia and ethnic Serbs took up arms to carve out their own state and join Serbia.
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Serbs → struggle → Serbia
The conflict killed more than 100,000 people and displaced millions.
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conflict → kill → millions
Bosnia is formally seeking to join the European Union, but progress toward membership has been stalled despite EU efforts to encourage Bosnia’s divided leaders to work together for reform.
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progress → seek → reform
Ahead of Election Day, Durak Miler, a resident of the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo, said governing politicians “just poison people when they talk.”
“We should change the old faces,” he said.
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he → say → faces
They have been governing for 35 years ...
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They → govern → years
I think whoever comes next will work better for retired people and the poor.”
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comes → think → people
The country’s wartime wounds were recently revived by a public homage in Serbia and among Bosnian Serbs to the wartime army commander Ratko Mladic, who died in late August while serving a life sentence for genocide and other war crimes.
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who → revive → genocide
Bosnian Serbs view Mladic as a hero despite his conviction by a U.N. court over the massacre of more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys in Srebrenica in 1995, and other atrocities.
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Serbs → view → 1995
Key Bosnian Serb officials attended the funeral service for Mladic in Belgrade that sparked harsh EU criticism and angered Bosniak politicians.
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that → attend → politicians
Electronic election security introduced
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security → introduce → ?
In an important change to Bosnia’s elections, authorities for the first time will use electronic identification of voters and scanning of ballots to prevent any irregularities or organized voter manipulation that has cast doubt on the fairness of previous elections.
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that → use → elections
Salko Bijavica, from the southern town of Mostar, said he is glad that “every vote will be counted,” and that the change will give “hope to people that elections will be fair.”
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elections → say → people
Most of Bosnia’s 75 political parties running in the election are organized along ethnic lines in the country’s Serb-controlled Republika Srpska and the Bosniak-Croat Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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Most → run → Herzegovina
The two entities are bound together by the central presidency and Parliament.
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entities → bind → presidency
The Bosniak nationalist Party of Democratic Action has focused its campaign on efforts to keep Bosnia united against Serb separatism.
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Party → focus → separatism
Bosnian Croats, too, largely support their ethnic parties, including the Bosnian branch of Croatia’s ruling conservative Croatian Democratic Union.
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Croats → support → Union
Polls will close at 7 p.m. local time.
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Polls → close → p.m.
Many disillusioned citizens say politicians are using nationalism to avoid solving important problems such as poor living standards and an exodus of youth from the country.
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politicians → say → country
Ivan Silic, from the southern town of Mostar, said: “I don’t see that anything is getting better, from the moment I started to vote.”
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I → say → moment
“We all know who lives well,” he said.
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he → know → ?
The Aporia
