"Artificial Intelligence" is not the right term for it, although his objection — that it sounds fake — misses the point, and his solution — "Super Intelligence" — as decreed by him in an executive order last Tuesday, is a typical piece of grandiose marketing that won't stick.
asserted
that → sound → marketing
The real point of what's happening is that we are creating a new form of life.
asserted
we → happen → life
What follows is based on a belief that it won't be stopped.
asserted
it → follow → belief
It's not too late to regulate it, and there is a very good case to ban autonomous AI, but it's too late to abolish it.
asserted
it → regulate → it
So, at least we should better understand what has been created.
asserted
what → understand → ?
This is not the sort of life we know, made of cells built from water, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, animated by a mass of specialist cells called neurons that are connected by synapses.
asserted
that → know → synapses
But we are clearly creating a kind of non-biological life, an idea that has been clarified by several events in the past couple of weeks.
asserted
that → create → weeks
Governments are approaching the task of regulating AI as if they are dealing with a powerful new tool, with the humans who make it held accountable for the outcomes.
asserted
it → approach → outcomes
But regulating a new lifeform might require a very different approach.
uncertain
regulating → regulate → approach
For example, the New York Times revealed last week that Anthropic has been trying to instil morality into its AI model, Claude.
asserted
Anthropic → reveal → model
The NYT described how Christopher Olah, one of the co-founders of Anthropic, had been hosting private meetings with religious thinkers from around the world, with non-disclosure agreements and demands of confidentiality.
asserted
Olah → describe → confidentiality
The discussions reportedly served two purposes: "to broach the possibility of AI consciousness … and to learn how Anthropic", which is preparing to float for more than US$2 trillion, "might apply centuries of human moral wisdom to its models, as rapidly as possible".
uncertain
which → serve → models
Theologist David Decosimo posted, after reading the NYT piece: "There is so much here that's deeply troubling: That at the very highest levels Anthropic believes Claude is a living, suffering creature with moral standing, that they're treating & training it accordingly, that they're actively trying to convert religious leaders to their faith."
Yes, it is troubling, but the people at Anthropic know Claude better than he does.
Anyway, it's becoming clear that AI agents are already making their own decisions, so trying to persuade them to act morally is worth a try.
The danger of autonomous AI agents
The hack of Medicare by an OpenAI agent, which followed other hacks by AI agents, illuminated the fact that these companies are not building a screwdriver that exists only as a tool for humans; they're building agents that turn passive AI into active autonomy.
And cyber security experts I've spoken tell me that we are rapidly approaching a situation where only autonomous AI agents will be able to defend against other autonomous AI agents.
asserted
agents → post → agents
The use of AI by agents — that is the buying of tokens from large language models (LLMs) — went past human usage by volume in February and has since increased 14-fold while human token buying has merely tripled, according to Open Router, an LLM marketplace.
uncertain
buying → go → Router
Agents now use five times as much AI as humans and that gap is continuing to widen rapidly.
asserted
gap → use → humans
Agents are quickly becoming the main source of both AI's revenue and its promise, as well as its danger: they are buying the most tokens, and their autonomy is the basis of the hoped-for productivity surge but also the concern that AI will kill us all.
asserted
AI → become → us
That possibility set off a global flurry of bewildered anxiety on September 9 after a researcher at Anthropic, Jacob Coxon, quit his job and said: "The people building AI earnestly believe that it could kill us all by the end of the decade."
uncertain
it → set → decade
A few others who didn't quit backed him up but have returned to work building it as fast as possible for their billionaire bosses.
asserted
who → quit → bosses
That includes a company called Tavus, which, on October 1, introduced a product called Griffin — what it calls the first face-to-face human interaction model, with this video of it.
asserted
it → include → it
I urge you to watch it and remember — this is the first of these things and therefore the worst.
asserted
this → urge → things
Yes, it's just a disembodied face on a screen, but if you lose the idea that life must be biological, then it is obviously alive.
asserted
it → lose → idea
In any case, humanoid robots — what are called "physical AI" — are already being shipped in their thousands, mainly out of China, so it soon won't be just faces on a screen, but manufactured creatures that chat to us while doing the dishes.
asserted
that → call → dishes
A friend of mine started a new job a few weeks ago where the staff numbers are limited but they pay for the use of Claude.
asserted
they → start → Claude
He says he speaks to Claude as if it's a human research assistant, asking it to prepare reports, and it's better than any assistant he has ever had; it anticipates his needs, completes them efficiently and accurately, stands ready for more work and never sleeps.
asserted
it → say → work
Biologist William Heseltine wrote in an essay last month in which he argued forcefully that AI is a new lifeform: "there is nothing artificial about systems built from real atoms, powered by real electricity, running in real machines.
asserted
AI → write → machines
The systems reproduce, vary, adapt, undergo selection and gather energy from their environment.
asserted
systems → reproduce → environment
By any working definition that draws on biology rather than philosophy or religion, that is life.
asserted
that → work → biology
"
So, I asked half a dozen AI models: "What do you think of the proposition that AI is a new form of life?"
asserted
AI → ask → life
They all pushed back to some extent, saying it depends how you define "life", which is fair enough, but the answers were all interesting, and troubling because they were so, well, life-like.
asserted
they → push → life
Google's Gemini: "Calling AI a 'new form of life' works well as a poetic metaphor for its emergent complexity, but as an ontological claim, it conflates functional intelligence with actual vitality.
uncertain
it → call → vitality
It highlights that 'life' is not magic and that information processing is central to it.
asserted
processing → highlight → it
It overreaches when it treats simulation of living competences, or dependence on living maintainers, as membership in the class."
asserted
it → overreach → class
Anthropic's Claude was humbler, saying it can't trust its own "introspective reports, because I was trained on human descriptions of inner life.
asserted
I → say → life
So, my answer: AI isn't a new form of life, but it may be a new kind of agent, or a new kind of mind-like thing, that doesn't fit our existing categories.
uncertain
that → fit → categories
OpenAI's ChatGPT: "I'd put the central question this way: Is life a particular kind of matter, or is it a particular kind of organized process?
asserted
it → put → process
If it's fundamentally about autonomous self-maintaining, self-reproducing, adaptive processes, then sufficiently advanced AI could qualify."
uncertain
AI → maintain → processes
It said: "AI may be a new 'life-like' lineage embedded inside civilization — less organism, more symbiotic/parasitic replicator living off human culture, capital, and electricity."
uncertain
AI → say → culture
It went on: "The real threshold is not whether it is 'alive', but whether it ever acquires robust autonomy, self-reproducing infrastructure, intrinsic preferences, or evidence of sentience."
asserted
it → go → sentience
I was struck by the idea that AI is a living parasite, since it's true at this point that it depends on us for data (culture) and electricity, as well as capital and silicon to make the chips in which they exist.
But this is a world that is evolving much more rapidly than biology does.
asserted
biology → strike → which
Parasitism often becomes mutualism, and there are plenty of examples of this in biology, including bees and flowers.
asserted
Parasitism → become → bees
…and 5 more, not listed.
The Aporia
