It’s no secret the long-held Canadian consensus on immigration has fractured — pulled apart by a rapid increase in new arrivals post-pandemic and growing affordability challenges.
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consensus → ’ → arrivals
Now, that fracture is starting to show up at the ballot box.
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fracture → start → box
The Parti Québécois won a minority mandate in Quebec on a platform that included promises of tighter immigration controls, which the party linked to protecting French culture and easing pressure on public services and housing.
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party → win → services
And when Albertans head to the polls Monday to vote on whether to hold a future referendum on separation from Canada, they’ll also be answering five separate questions on immigration being pushed by the government of Alberta Premier Danielle Smith.
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they → head → Smith
Those questions include:
— Should the province should have more say over economic immigration?
— Should provincially funded services should be restricted to citizens, permanent residents and those with “Alberta-approved” immigration status?
— Should non-permanent immigrants should be charged a fee for accessing health care and education services?
— Should non-permanent residents should have to reside in Alberta for at least 12 months before qualifying for provincially funded social supports?
— Should voters should have to present proof of citizenship when voting provincially?
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voters → include → citizenship
Jason Kenney, a former Alberta premier and federal immigration minister, said Canada needs a broader debate on immigration policy based on facts.
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Canada → say → facts
“We do need a serious debate on immigration because demography is destiny.
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demography → need → immigration
There are very few things that are more important,” Kenney told The Canadian Press in an interview.
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Kenney → be → interview
“But we have to do it in a disciplined and respectful, thoughtful way, as much as possible, based on evidence and data and experience around the world.”
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we → have → world
Kenney warned that debates on immigration policy can easily become sidetracked by more extreme political views — by accusations of racism from the far left and by actual racism on the far right.
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debates → warn → right
While Kenney said he doesn’t see the immigration questions on the Alberta ballot as race-based or xenophobic, the Alberta separatist movement itself is something else entirely.
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movement → say → ballot
“If you listen to the key separatist leaders like Mitch Sylvestre, who’s the leader of the primary separatist organization, he says that in his republic of Alberta, no one will have citizenship unless you’re born there,” Kenney said.
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Kenney → listen → citizenship
“So I do think there are some currents on the extreme right of Alberta politics that we should all be concerned about.
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we → think → that
I do not think that necessarily means we cannot have an adult, grown-up conversation about immigration policy.
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we → think → policy
But the immigration questions on the ballot are not sitting well with some diaspora communities in the province.
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questions → sit → province
Lawyer Avnish Nanda, co-founder of the advocacy group Our Alberta Advantage, is campaigning for people to vote “no” on the immigration-related questions.
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people → campaign → questions
He said reactions to the questions from Alberta’s cultural communities and from individuals who have considered running for the United Conservative Party have been overwhelmingly negative.
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who → say → Party
“They view these questions as targeting them, their journey here and the roots they’ve established over the past 60 years,” he said.
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he → view → years
They think this is not necessary.
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this → think → ?
They think it’s wrapped up in the separatism effort.
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it → think → effort
They think that Danielle Smith is scapegoating them to continue to maintain the support of the more extreme separatist elements that brought her to power.”
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that → think → power
Nanda said the referendum is bringing out some ugly undercurrents in Alberta.
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referendum → say → Alberta
He said his parents were recently “jeered by a couple of white guys in a car” while out for a walk — something that had never happened to them since coming to Canada in the 1970s.
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that → say → 1970s
“There’s a notion that it impacts us all, whether you’re a citizen or not, these questions,” he said.
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he → ’ → questions
“Because the people who are mobilized around this issue, in support of it, a lot of them don’t differentiate between people who have been here 40 years [and] people who came here a week ago, because we all look the same to them.”
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we → mobilize → them
Nanda said if the immigration ballot measures pass on Monday, they could undermine Canada’s multicultural identity, while restricting access to provincial services would make it harder for newcomers to integrate.
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newcomers → say → services
Across the country in Quebec, the new minority Parti Québécois government campaigned on a promise to tighten immigration controls.
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government → campaign → controls
Quebec has maintained far more control over the immigration system than other provinces since 1991.
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Quebec → maintain → 1991
The PQ immigration platform included, among other things, promises to reduce annual permanent resident admissions from 45,000 to 35,000, to impose a moratorium on permanent immigration from outside Quebec, to prioritize permanent status for temporary residents already in the province, and to tighten the selection criteria for temporary workers.
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platform → include → workers
Catherine Xhardez, a political-science professor at the University of Montreal, said the outgoing Coalition Avenir du Quebec government politicized Quebec’s immigration debate by introducing restrictions the new government now wants to strengthen.
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government → say → restrictions
“Before that, they have kind of a consensus between political parties, how migration is good for the economy … good for demography, but even for French language,” she said.
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she → have → language
Xhardez said before 2018, Quebec’s main parties generally agreed on the positive role immigration played in strengthening francophone culture by prioritizing certain immigrants.
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immigration → say → immigrants
“But then (the CAQ) broke this consensus between the parties by saying it was too much, too quickly, they needed less,” she said.
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she → break → less
Xhardez said there’s a key difference between the Quebec and Alberta immigration debates — the debate in Alberta is built around populist pushback blaming social service shortages on immigrants, while the debate in Quebec puts identity and culture at the forefront.
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debate → say → forefront
She added immigration has also become a bargaining chip for the Quebec government in its engagements with Ottawa.
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immigration → add → Ottawa
Premier Smith wants a bargaining chip of her own.
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Smith → want → own
In a video released Wednesday, Smith encouraged Albertans to vote in favour of the nine immigration and constitutional questions in the referendum to “send Ottawa a message.”
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Smith → release → message
She said the goal of one question on the ballot is to “give us the same power as Quebec to recruit economic migrants.”
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goal → say → migrants
During a pro-unity campaign stop in Calgary on Thursday, Prime Minister Mark Carney urged his audience to vote “no to the nine” — repeating a phrase that has become a rallying cry among those opposed to separatism.
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that → urge → separatism
Kenney said he’s a “skeptic when it comes to greater provincial control” over a “sensitive” matter like immigration policy.
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it → say → policy
…and 15 more, not listed.
The Aporia
