Explainer-What do we know about plague institute lab worker's death in Russia?
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we → know → Russia
A laboratory worker at a plague research institute in Siberia fell ill and died in undisclosed circumstances on October 2, prompting authorities to quarantine about 200 people and causing public health fears on social media.
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worker → fall → media
Here's what we know about the case, which officials have not linked to her work or plague, and about the disease she studied.
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she → know → disease
WHAT HAPPENED?
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WHAT → happen → ?
Russian media named the victim as Darya Shipilova, a 28-year-old laboratory worker at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East.
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media → name → Siberia
The authorities said she died of an unknown type of pneumonia but that as a precaution they quarantined everyone who had come into contact with her.
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who → say → her
Unconfirmed reports of how she fell ill have circulated on social media.
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she → fall → media
One version said she had dropped a test tube containing live bacteria at work, a theory rejected by Russia's health watchdog.
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she → say → watchdog
Another said she became sick after travelling to Thailand.
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she → say → Thailand
A third said she fell ill after going to an area near the border with Mongolia.
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she → say → Mongolia
DID SHE DIE OF PLAGUE?
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SHE → die → PLAGUE
There is no confirmation she died from plague although one regional governor said she "may" have died from plague.
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she → be → plague
Health watchdog Rospotrebnadzor said she died of an unknown type of pneumonia and that no relevant pathogens had been found in anyone who came into contact with her.
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who → say → her
Elena Sofina, a local official in Siberia, said 60% of those quarantined had since been released.
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% → say → those
Local media said about 200 were initially quarantined.
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200 → say → ?
Sofina said "a dangerous diagnosis" had not been confirmed.
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diagnosis → say → ?
WHAT IS PLAGUE AND CAN YOU TREAT IT?
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YOU → treat → IT
Plague circulates mainly among small animals and fleas.
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Plague → circulate → animals
Caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, it can also infect humans.
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it → cause → humans
Outbreaks include the "Black Death", which killed over 50 million people in Europe in the 1300s.
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which → include → 1300s
It is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, inhalation of infected respiratory particles and — rarely — ingestion of infectious materials.
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It → transmit → materials
The disease's mortality rate is 30%-100% if left untreated.
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rate → leave → ?
If identified quickly, plague can be treated with antibiotics.
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plague → identify → antibiotics
Plague is endemic in many African countries, the former Soviet Union, the Americas and Asia, but most human cases in the last six years were reported from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar, according to the World Health Organization.
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cases → report → Organization
Plague is endemic to Siberia, location of the first known prehistoric human outbreak, as Yersinia pestis is present there among small wild mammals and their fleas.
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pestis → know → mammals
It's rare for Russians to have plague.
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Russians → have → plague
US President Donald Trump said the laboratory worker's death was a "big problem for Russia" and offered to help Moscow deal with it.
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Moscow → say → it
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Russia should share more information about the death.
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Russia → say → death
The WHO in Geneva said Russia had told it there were no plague cases in the city of Irkutsk.
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Russia → say → Irkutsk
Reuters could not establish whether this meant plague could be ruled out in the lab worker's case.
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plague → establish → case
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan said they were stepping up precautionary measures at their borders to guard against the possible spread of infectious diseases.
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they → say → diseases
The Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East was set up in 1934 to control plague outbreaks.
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Institute → set → outbreaks
Its founding scientist helped quell outbreaks in Siberia, Mongolia and China, its website says.
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website → quell → Siberia
It later worked with other dangerous diseases including cholera and anthrax.
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It → work → cholera
Plague comes in three forms affecting different parts of the body.
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Plague → come → body
Pneumonic plague, the most virulent and least common form, is an infection of the lungs which prompts patients to cough out infectious airborne droplets.
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which → prompt → droplets
Bubonic plague is the most common form, occurring chiefly when an infected flea bites a person, and causes swollen lymph nodes or "buboes".
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flea → occur → nodes
Septicemic plague, which does not spread from person to person, occurs when plague bacteria multiply in the blood.
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bacteria → spread → blood
One form of plague can develop into another.
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form → develop → another
Infected persons usually start with flu-like symptoms after an incubation period of one to seven days.
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persons → start → days
…and 4 more, not listed.
The Aporia
